Body Reconstructive Surgeries

Injuries resulting from injuries or oncological operations vary in size and degree of difficulty in repairing them. The simplest ones can be sutured with techniques that will ensure the best possible appearance of the post-traumatic scars, while for larger and more complex wounds the restoration can be done with free or scaly flaps. Stem flap transfer is the transfer of a part of the body without it being cut off from the main vessels that supply it with techniques of preparation, rotation and propulsion while transfer of free flap is the transfer to the position of the deficiency of another part of the body cut from the main vessels that supply and which will then be reunited with other vessels in the area of ​​the deficit by microsurgery techniques to regain their perfusion. The donor area for scaly flaps is the areas next to the deficit, while for free flaps tissue from the thigh and abdomen is usually used. These are particularly demanding surgeries that require hospitalization for a few days due to the need to monitor the postoperative course of the operation closely for a few days and postoperative follow-up is more demanding with a special protocol to be followed. In addition to the usual preoperative examination, other more specialized examinations need to be performed.

Diabetic foot is a very big and common problem in today's society. The lower extremity is one of the characteristic areas of problems due to the problematic metabolism of sugar in the body. The key to preventing and avoiding the dramatic development is the good cooperation of an endocrinologist and a surgeon who specializes in the treatment of diabetic ulcers. Also of great importance is the correct treatment of these ulcers in their very early stages by a specialist. There are many treatment protocols, special patches, but also simple surgical techniques that are very helpful in the proper treatment of this problem. Finally, more complex operations with flaps can treat large ulcers that show problematic and slow healing.

Lymphedema is the clinical condition characterized by progressive permanent swelling in the limbs (arms and / or legs). This problem occurs when the normal lymphatic supply to the upper or lower limb is interrupted, resulting in the progressive accumulation of lymphatic fluid and the corresponding swelling of the limb. The etiology may be congenital etiology in which the lymphatic network is not functioning at all or to some extent under-operative or traumatic / postoperative etiology in which the lymphatics are severely injured or the lymph nodes have been surgically removed due to metastatic disease. Also therapeutic radiotherapy contributes due to fibrosis caused in the lymphatics contributes to the occurrence of this problem. In addition to the progressive swelling of the limb which may not appear immediately but many months later other symptoms may appear over time which also tend to worsen. Such are the fibrosis and hardening of the skin, the appearance of pain in the extremities, the accumulation of fat and the repeated cycles of inflammation and infections. Therapeutic lymphedema is treated conservatively with instructions for lifting the limb, skin care and the use of elastic stockings and special compression devices. In cases where conservative treatment is not enough then depending on the etiology of lymphedema there are two different surgeries that can help. The first operation is the anastomosis of the lymphatics at the point where they are still active in small veins in the area with hyper-microsurgical techniques (lymphatic bypass) and the second in case of non-functional lymphatics the transfer of free flap lymph nodes to the area. This flap has the ability to absorb the lymph like a sponge and then transfer it to the venous circulation. These surgeries belong to the category of supermicrosurgery and due to the very small size of the lymphatics are very demanding in terms of surgical technique and surgical manipulations.

1.Spills

2.Bladders

3.Lipomas

4.Cancerous surgeries

5.Skin cancer

6.Malignant Melanoma

Small lesions in the body are removed by laser, electrocautery or surgical removal. These are simple surgeries that are usually performed under local anesthesia, however, the correct surgical technique will ensure the complete removal of the lesion and the best possible appearance of the postoperative scar. Small benign lesions are usually removed with laser or electrocautery. Surgical removal is recommended in cases of suspected malignant lesions or in any other case the removed part needs to be sent for biopsy. For reattachment, all necessary measures will be taken for the best possible appearance of the postoperative scar (good surgical technique, fine sutures, special creams, preventive instructions, and if necessary, special laser treatment) In case of removal of larger lesions in the body and when the deficit which can not be restored due to its size with a simple suture the restoration can be done with special local flaps or with skin self-transplantation. In the case of non-melanoma skin cancer in the vast majority of cases it is sufficient to completely remove the tumor with a small amount of healthy tissue around it. Malignant melanoma, which is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, has a more complex treatment. In addition to the very early forms, a complete imaging examination and a series of preoperative examinations will be required. Surgical resection of the tumor with a large amount of healthy tissue around it is surgically indicated (the amount varies from 0.5 to 2 cm depending on the depth of the melanoma). Also in most cases it is necessary to check the lymph nodes that are responsible for the area of ​​the tumor. This consists of the removal of one or more lymph nodes (the one / s to which the lymph first reaches from the site of the tumor) and in case it is found to be infected and the other lymph nodes in the area. The surgical wound depending on the size will be repaired with the most appropriate technique. Finally, with the evaluation of all the findings preoperatively but also from the histological study of the tumor, in addition to the oncology center, the indicated postoperative treatment will be proposed in addition.